Utah State income tax¶

PolicyEngine models Utah’s State income tax, including the following components:

The main rate applied to taxable income (currently 4.85%)
The (nonrefundable) taxpayer credit
The income tax exemption

The chart below shows the absolute tax amount by employment income, for each of four household types.

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from policyengine_us import Simulation
import plotly.express as px
import pandas as pd


def create_situation(num_dependents, has_spouse):
    situation = {
        "people": {
            "person": {
                "age": 30,
            },
        },
        "tax_units": {
            "tax_unit": {
                "members": ["person"],
            },
        },
        "households": {
            "household": {
                "state_code": "UT",
                "members": ["person"],
            },
        },
        "axes": [
            [
                {
                    "name": "employment_income",
                    "min": 0,
                    "max": 200_000,
                    "count": 1000,
                }
            ]
        ],
    }
    for i in range(num_dependents):
        situation["people"][f"person{i}"] = {"age": 0}
        situation["tax_units"]["tax_unit"]["members"].append(f"person{i}")
        situation["households"]["household"]["members"].append(f"person{i}")
    if has_spouse:
        situation["people"]["spouse"] = {"age": 30}
        situation["tax_units"]["tax_unit"]["members"].append("spouse")
        situation["households"]["household"]["members"].append("spouse")
    return situation


def create_simulation(situation):
    return Simulation(
        situation=situation,
    )


single_no_dependents = create_simulation(create_situation(0, False))
single_with_dependents = create_simulation(create_situation(1, False))
married_no_dependents = create_simulation(create_situation(0, True))
married_with_dependents = create_simulation(create_situation(1, True))

employment_income = single_no_dependents.calculate("employment_income")

# Create a dataframe with

df = pd.concat(
    [
        pd.DataFrame(
            {
                "Employment income": employment_income,
                "Utah income tax": simulation.calculate("ut_income_tax"),
                "Household type": household_type,
            }
        )
        for simulation, household_type in [
            (single_no_dependents, "Single, no dependents"),
            (single_with_dependents, "Single, with 1 dependent under 1"),
            (married_no_dependents, "Married, no dependents"),
            (married_with_dependents, "Married, with 1 dependent under 1"),
        ]
    ]
)
GRAY = "#BDBDBD"
BLUE = "#5091cc"
LIGHT_BLUE = "lightblue"
DARK_BLUE = "darkblue"

px.line(
    df,
    x="Employment income",
    y="Utah income tax",
    color="Household type",
    color_discrete_map={
        "Single, no dependents": GRAY,
        "Single, with 1 dependent under 1": BLUE,
        "Married, no dependents": LIGHT_BLUE,
        "Married, with 1 dependent under 1": DARK_BLUE,
    },
    template="plotly_white",
).update_layout(
    title="Utah income tax, by household type",
    xaxis_title="Employment income",
    yaxis_title="Utah income tax",
    xaxis_tickformat="$,.0f",
    yaxis_tickformat="$,.0f",
    width=800,
    height=600,
)

Marginal tax rates¶

from policyengine_us import Microsimulation
from policyengine_core.reforms import Reform
from policyengine_core.periods import instant
import pandas as pd

baseline = Microsimulation()


def score_rate_reform(new_tax_rate: float) -> dict:
    def modify_parameters(parameters):
        parameters.gov.states.ut.tax.income.rate.update(
            period="2023", value=new_tax_rate
        )
        return parameters

    class reform(Reform):
        def apply(self):
            self.modify_parameters(modify_parameters)

    reformed = Microsimulation(reform=reform)

    net_cost = (
        reformed.calculate("ut_income_tax", 2023).sum()
        - baseline.calculate("ut_income_tax", 2023).sum()
    )
    gain_per_household = net_cost / baseline.calculate("UT").sum()
    in_utah = baseline.calculate("UT", map_to="person")
    poverty_change = (
        reformed.calculate("person_in_poverty", 2023)[in_utah].mean()
        / baseline.calculate("person_in_poverty", 2023)[in_utah].mean()
    ) - 1

    return {
        "net_cost": net_cost,
        "gain_per_household": gain_per_household,
        "poverty_impact": poverty_change,
    }


tax_rate_changes = [-0.01, -0.005, -0.001, 0, 0.001, 0.005, 0.01]
tax_rates = [0.0485 + x for x in tax_rate_changes]
costs = []
gains = []
poverty_changes = []
for tax_rate in tax_rates:
    result = score_rate_reform(tax_rate)
    costs.append(result["net_cost"])
    gains.append(result["gain_per_household"])
    poverty_changes.append(result["poverty_impact"])

df = pd.DataFrame(
    {
        "Tax rate": tax_rates,
        "Tax rate change": tax_rate_changes,
        "Net cost": costs,
        "Gain per household": gains,
    }
)
df

	Tax rate	Tax rate change	Net cost	Gain per household
0	0.0385	-0.010	-1.099925e+09	-995.349470
1	0.0435	-0.005	-5.512912e+08	-498.877160
2	0.0475	-0.001	-1.104351e+08	-99.935481
3	0.0485	0.000	0.000000e+00	0.000000
4	0.0495	0.001	1.105282e+08	100.019755
5	0.0535	0.005	5.537751e+08	501.124887
6	0.0585	0.010	1.110731e+09	1005.128185

References¶

Most of the logic in PolicyEngine was developed in line with the 2022 tax form (TC-40). For historical parameters, the legislation is the primary source: specifically, Title 59 (Revenue and Taxation), Chapter 10 (Individual Income Tax Act) of the Utah Code. Utah has a historical legislation viewer which allows you to see the text of any section at any particular date after 2014.